Amy Winehouse was one of the U.K.'s flagship vocalists during the 2000s. While the British press and tabloids seemed to focus on her rowdy behavior and tragic end, fans and critics alike embraced her rugged charm, brash sense of humor, and distinctively soulful and jazzy vocals. Her platinum-selling, Mercury Prize-nominated album
Frank (2003) elicited comparisons ranging from
Billie Holiday and
Sarah Vaughan to
Macy Gray and
Lauryn Hill, introducing her unmistakable voice and deeply personal songwriting to the masses. However, it wasn't until 2006 that
Winehouse truly landed on the global stage with her sophomore full-length,
Back to Black. Teamed with producer
Mark Ronson, she crafted a nostalgic, throwback sound heard on hit singles "Rehab" and "You Know I'm No Good." One of the best-selling albums in U.K. history, the set earned
Winehouse a record-making five Grammy Awards in 2008. The album would be her last; she passed away in London on July 23, 2011, at the age of 27.
Born to a taxi-driving father and a pharmacist mother,
Winehouse grew up in the Southgate area of northern London. Her upbringing was filled with jazz. Many of the uncles on her mother's side were professional jazz musicians, and her paternal grandmother was romantically involved with British jazz legend
Ronnie Scott at one time. At home, she listened to and absorbed her parents' selection of greats:
Dinah Washington,
Ella Fitzgerald, and
Frank Sinatra, among others. However, in her teens, she was drawn to the rebellious spirit of
TLC,
Salt-N-Pepa, and other American R&B and hip-hop acts of the time. At the age of 16, after she had been expelled from London's Sylvia Young Theatre School, she caught her first break when pop singer
Tyler James, a schoolmate and close friend, passed on her demo tape to his A&R representative, who was searching for a jazz vocalist. That opportunity led to her recording contract with Island Records. By the end of 2003, when she was 20 years old, Island had released her debut album,
Frank. With contributions from hip-hop producer/keyboardist
Salaam Remi,
Winehouse's amalgam of jazz, pop, soul, and hip-hop received rave reviews. The album was nominated for the 2004 Mercury Music Prize as well as two Brit Awards, and its lead single, "Stronger Than Me," won an Ivor Novello Award for Best Contemporary Song.
Following
Winehouse's debut, the accolades and inquiring interviews appeared concurrently in the press with her tempestuous public life. Several times she showed up to her club or TV performances too drunk to sing an entire set. In 2006, her management company finally suggested that she enter rehab for alcohol abuse, but instead, she dumped the company and transcribed the ordeal into the U.K. Top Ten hit "Rehab," the lead single for her second, critically acclaimed album,
Back to Black. With evocative productions from
Salaam Remi and British DJ/multi-instrumentalist
Mark Ronson, the album somewhat abandoned jazz, delving into the sounds of '50s/'60s-era girl group harmonies, rock & roll, and soul. The fanfare over the release was so great that it started to spill over onto U.S. shores; several rappers and DJs made their own remixes of various songs, not to mention covers by
Prince and
the Arctic Monkeys.
One month after
Winehouse won Best Female Artist at the Brit Awards in February 2007, Universal released
Back to Black in the U.S. The LP charted higher than any other American debut by a British female recording artist before it, and it remained in the Top Ten for several months, selling a million copies by the end of that summer. Just as in the U.K., she became the talk of the town, landing on the covers of Rolling Stone and Spin magazines. Not long afterward, though,
Winehouse canceled her North American tour. Early reports revealed that she was entering rehab for addiction, but her new management denied the claims, stating it was due to severe exhaustion. Her erratic behavior kept her and her new husband, Blake Fielder-Civil, in the tabloids constantly, on and off stages on both sides of the Atlantic, but in late 2007, American fans were finally given a chance to hear
Winehouse's early work, with a slightly abbreviated (two songs removed and one added) version of
Frank.
Unfortunately, the next four years were filled with drama, disappointment, and very little music. By 2009, her marriage had ended in divorce, she had repeatedly been arrested on assault charges and/or public order offenses, and her struggles with substance abuse and mental health issues were tragically played out in the press. Public performances turned into incoherent disasters, the worst of them posted to video-sharing sites for all to see. A track on the
Quincy Jones tribute Q: Soul Bossa Nostra appeared in 2010, while a duet with
Tony Bennett was announced in early 2011, but a planned follow-up to
Back to Black would never make it past the demo stage.
Winehouse was found dead in her Camden, London apartment on July 23, 2011. The coroner's report, delivered three months later, revealed that her blood alcohol content had reached a potentially fatal level.
Nearly two months after her death,
Winehouse's first posthumous appearance was released on
Tony Bennett's Duets II, where she sang with him on "Body and Soul." Near the end of 2011, her family's foundation announced the release of
Lioness: Hidden Treasures, a posthumous compilation featuring recordings from throughout her career (although a few of the arrangements were recorded after her death). A year after
Lioness came
At the BBC, a deluxe CD/DVD set -- available both as a four-disc box and a smaller two-disc compilation -- rounding up all of her live performances for the British Broadcasting Company.
In the summer of 2015, Amy, a documentary by director Asif Kapadia, told her story through photographs, archival footage (in the studio and out), and music. Much of this material had not been available previously. It also contained interviews with friends, family, musical collaborators, and the late singer. That October, a soundtrack was issued that alternated previously released and unreleased
Winehouse material with pieces from the film's score. In 2021, another posthumous collection was released as a Record Store Day vinyl exclusive. Remixes collected rare cuts from throughout her career, including takes by
Hot Chip and
MJ Cole, as well as guest verses by the likes of
Jay-Z and
Ghostface Killah. ~ Cyril Cordor & Neil Z. Yeung